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NewtPhys: Do Foundation Models Understand Newtonian Physics?

Previous work has evaluated physics reasoning in foundation models using synthetic or semi-synthetic scenes and visual question-answering tasks. However, these benchmarks emphasize high-level events and lack the visual fidelity required to assess true low-level Newtonian understanding. We introduce NewtPhys, a 4D physically annotated dataset built from multiview images of real-world scenes with physics-grounded simulations. The dataset provides dense, fine-grained annotations across timesteps -- including 3D forces and amodal per-pixel quantities covering physics, tracking, semantics and geometry -- bridging the gap between simplistic synthetic setups and realistic visual complexity. Usin...

AuthorsSebastian Cavada, Soumava Paul, Tuan-Hung Vu et al.
Primary categorycs.CV
Published2 June 2026
Last updated at source2 June 2026
cs.CV
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