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Paper · arXiv

GRADUS: Discovering and Recovering Agent Lessons from the Environment's Latent Syllabus

Training LLM agents for policy-constrained tool environments, such as an airline backend with booking, refund, and cancellation policies, requires tasks that exercise the environment's rules individually and in combination. Existing synthesis pipelines let a model propose tasks and retain only those it immediately solves, biasing training data toward easier behaviors. We introduce Gradus (Graded Rungs of Ascending Difficulty from an Underlying System), which decouples what a task should teach from the concrete task and solution used to teach it. Without seed tasks, Gradus treats a fixed environment as a latent syllabus, extracting guarded behavioral operators that capture how actions depe...

AuthorsQing Ping, Wei Yang, Panpan Xu et al.
Primary categorycs.AI
Published20 October 2026
Last updated at source20 October 2026
cs.AI
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