BrushOff: Stroke-Based Re-rendering as a Watermark Removal Attack on Painting
Invisible watermarks are used to mark who owns a painting. We show that a simple attack removes the most robust one we test. The attack redraws the watermarked painting with brush strokes, using a pretrained stroke-based renderer. We call this attack BrushOff. It needs no training, no knowledge of the watermark, and no generative model. We test four watermarks on 500 paintings from five styles. VINE, a recent watermark built to survive image editing, survives all 14 conventional distortions we test, with at least 97.8% detection. Repainting lowers its detection to 1.8%, while the output keeps a no-reference quality score close to that of the clean paintings. Diffusion regeneration can als...
| Authors | Hao Chen, Junnan Xu |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.CV |
| Published | 19 October 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 19 October 2026 |
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