Beyond Attack Success Rate: Cost-Aware Metric for Evaluating Iterative LLM Jailbreaks
Attack success rate (ASR) evaluates jailbreaks against large language models without accounting for repeated calls to the victim model. Yet each additional call gives the deployed system another opportunity to detect the attack and intervene. We introduce $\mathrm{ASR}_{\mathrm{STEP}}$, which penalizes additional victim-model calls while retaining binary success judgments. Our evaluation considers GCG~\cite{zou2023universal}, PAIR~\cite{chao2025jailbreaking} with a step budget, and a single-step PAP~\cite{zeng2024johnny} baseline on JailBreakBench across three model families. GCG's scores decrease by 7.0--8.7 percentage points after discounting, while PAP's remain unchanged. While for PAI...
| Authors | Rohan Menon, Chih-Hong Cheng |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.CR |
| Published | 19 October 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 19 October 2026 |
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