Label Authority in Speech Emotion Recognition: Intended and Perceived Ground Truth in Emozionalmente
Ground truth in Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) is often presented as a single categorical fact, yet an acted emotion and the emotion heard by listeners describe different aspects of the same recording. We examine this distinction in Emozionalmente, an acted Italian corpus that provides both an elicited production label and five listener judgements for every clip. Using frozen XLS-R, HuBERT, and WavLM representations with matched probes, we compare three label authorities: the expressed condition, the listeners' hard plurality, and their complete vote distribution. The results tell a consistent story. Recovering the expressed condition is easier than predicting a tie-broken listener plur...
| Authors | Marco Giordano, Stefano Giacomelli, Claudia Rinaldi et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.SD |
| Published | 19 October 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 19 October 2026 |
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