Large-Scale Biomedical RAG: Corpus Scaling, Document Representation, and Efficiency Trade-offs
We present a controlled, large-scale evaluation of how corpus scale, document representation, and reranking affect the effectiveness and efficiency of biomedical Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems. Retrieval collections were progressively expanded while retaining the relevant source documents, enabling consistent comparisons across corpus sizes. We compared abstract, flat full-text, and hierarchical full-text representations across first-stage retrieval, reranking, and end-to-end multiple-choice question answering. Configurations selected on development data were evaluated on five external biomedical benchmarks and a held-out test set, while retrieval latency and index storage w...
| Authors | Adrián Sánchez-Freire, Gonzalo Pérez-Gómez, Aitziber Atutxa et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.CL |
| Published | 19 October 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 19 October 2026 |
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