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Paper · arXiv

Pluralistic Alignment in Large Language Models: Objectives, Human References, and Preference Representations

Pluralistic alignment aims to represent meaningful variation in human preferences rather than collapse heterogeneous judgments into a single target. Yet existing work often mixes three distinct questions: what pluralistic behavior a model should exhibit, whose preferences define the reference, and what evidence is sufficient to demonstrate success. We organize the literature around a two-layer taxonomy. Layer 1 distinguishes representing a range of human-supported viewpoints (Overton Pluralism), adapting faithfully to a specified perspective or preference condition (Steerable Pluralism), and matching the response distribution observed in a target population (Distributional Pluralism). Lay...

AuthorsMeng-Chen Wu, Umesh Bodhwani
Primary categorycs.AI
Published17 October 2026
Last updated at source22 October 2026
cs.AIcs.CL
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  • 23 Oct 2026 Name: Pluralistic Alignment in Language Models: Objectives, Human References, and Preference Representations → Pluralistic Alignment in Large Language Models: Objectives, Human References, and Preference Representations

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