Who Speaks, Who Authorizes, Who Acts? Understanding Trust Boundaries in Multi-Agent LLMs
Multi-agent LLM systems exchange messages before acting through tools, but message delivery, signing authority, and tool-side enforcement are separate trust boundaries. We represent them as communication, authorization, and execution structures, and use the authority cut to characterize the smallest independently compromised signer coalition that can construct a policy-valid false-claim proof under stated assumptions. Controlled paired hidden-state studies reveal four distinctions. First, no fixed-message routing contrast across four models meets the prespecified large-effect criterion; when relays rewrite messages, executed false-state action rates vary by model and route configuration. ...
| Authors | Junru Zhu, Xin Chen, Hang Lyu et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.AI |
| Published | 16 October 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 16 October 2026 |
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