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Paper · arXiv

Stop Training Against Soft Users: Mentalized Adversarial Self-Play for Proactive Dialogue

Proactive dialogue agents must guide multi-turn interactions toward task goals while adapting to users whose intentions and attitudes evolve. Existing planners improve system side action selection through search, learned policies, or user aware planning, but are often trained and evaluated against fixed or overly compliant simulators; as a result, high simulated success can reflect soft user bias rather than robust dialogue ability. We introduce MASP, a Mentalized Adversarial Self Play framework that treats proactive dialogue as a partially observable game between a system and a rationally resisting user. MASP represents the user's evolving mental state with a BDI based latent state, sepa...

AuthorsZanwu Liu, Dan Zhang, Xiaodi Wang et al.
Primary categorycs.CL
Published15 October 2026
Last updated at source15 October 2026
cs.CL
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