ReferFlow: Beyond Final-Target Localization for Complex Referring Expressions
Multimodal Large Language Models have made significant progress in referring expression comprehension (REC), yet most REC benchmarks still focus on final-target localization. Complex queries often involve intermediate visual references with different dependencies on prior grounding, but final-only evaluation leaves this process unexamined. To address this gap, we formulate trajectory-level REC, in which models receive an ordered sequence of grounding steps constructed from a single complex query and localize the target regions associated with each step. We instantiate this setting in ReferFlow-Bench, which characterizes structured region transitions through four trajectory types, namely R...
| Authors | Tianyi Gao, Han Fang, Xin Wei et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.CV |
| Published | 14 October 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 14 October 2026 |
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