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Paper · arXiv

What Is a Clarification? Estimating Model-Dependent Input Ambiguity

Ambiguous inputs can admit multiple interpretations, each potentially yielding a different answer. Existing work largely treats this ambiguity as a property of the input, yet for a particular language model, only some alternatives may be known and answerable. We therefore distinguish world ambiguity, capturing all alternatives admitted by an input, from model ambiguity, capturing those accessible to the responding model. To characterize these alternatives, we formalize natural-language clarifications through three desiderata: \emph{uniqueness}, \emph{faithfulness}, and \emph{answer equivalence}. We show that these desiderata induce a one-to-one correspondence between valid answers and equ...

AuthorsJingqin Tang, Tim Tomov, Sebastian Schmidt et al.
Primary categorycs.CL
Published14 October 2026
Last updated at source14 October 2026
cs.CL
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