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Paper · arXiv

Feature Normalization under Finite Training Budgets

Standardizing a rare feature can help stochastic gradient descent learn its effect within a finite budget, but it also changes the noise cost of learning. We characterize the lowest rare-subgroup risks attainable by standardized and unscaled training when each chooses a nonnegative constant learning rate and a deterministic stopping time under the same observation cap. For two independent binary features, we derive both optimized risks as prevalence vanishes while the expected number of rare observations remains finite. Uniform control over rates and stopping times reduces each limiting oracle to a scalar minimization. With positive noise, the preferred scaling changes exactly once as we ...

AuthorsJohan Larsson
Primary categorystat.ML
Published12 October 2026
Last updated at source12 October 2026
stat.MLcs.LGmath.OC
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