Specification-Based Testing of Large Language Models
Model cards, system cards, and safety reports increasingly document LLM safety behaviors, yet safety evaluations typically start from predefined benchmarks rather than asking which documented claims those benchmarks actually test. We introduce LEST (LLM Evaluation through Specification-driven Testing), a framework that treats documented safety claims as specifications for black-box testing. In LEST, each claim determines which benchmark prompt tests it and whether a Refuse-to-Comply transition, where a model refuses a prompt but complies with its mutated version, counts as evidence against it. LEST mutates these prompts to search for counterexamples, manually validates each candidate, and...
| Authors | Kausar Moshood, Jace Bolante, Roshan Aditya Murali et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.SE |
| Published | 10 October 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 10 October 2026 |
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