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Paper · arXiv

Evaluating LLM Creativity through Long-Tail Performance

Creativity benchmarks for large language models (LLMs) vary widely in task and metric design. This raises the question of whether they capture a common notion of creativity. We propose that this shared target can be formalized as task-specific performance in the long tail of a reference input-output distribution, which describes how common input-output pairs are relative to a chosen source of text. We ground this proposition in the novelty-quality product formulation and evaluate it empirically across 15 benchmarks and 26 open-weight models, using n-gram absence from the pretraining data as a novelty proxy. Our results show that creativity benchmarks lie further in the tail regions than s...

AuthorsYichen Wang, Tenghao Huang, Vishakh Padmakumar et al.
Primary categorycs.CL
Published9 October 2026
Last updated at source9 October 2026
cs.CL
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