Collaborative Theory of Mind: Learning to Self-Revise by Anticipating User Responses
Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong individual task performance, yet still struggle to collaborate with users over extended, multi-turn interactions, for example by attempting solutions before understanding the user's needs or by failing to revise mistaken assumptions after receiving feedback. We propose Collaborative Theory of Mind (CToM), a framework that addresses these challenges by explicitly training LLMs to anticipate user responses and to use those predictions to improve their own behavior. CToM drafts a response, predicts how the user will respond, and uses this prediction to guide internal revision before presenting a response. During training, the user's reply to ea...
| Authors | Fanzhi Zeng, Anubrata Das, Maytal Saar-Tsechansky et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.AI |
| Published | 9 October 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 9 October 2026 |
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