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Paper · arXiv

EvoBelief: Falsifiable World Models for Self-Improving LLM Agents

Self-evolving LLM agents typically improve how they act through accumulated experience, reflection, or skills. Yet even procedurally capable agents can fail when their beliefs about environment dynamics are incomplete, incorrect, or outdated. We study a complementary axis of self-evolution: evolving those beliefs during deployment. Such beliefs can support multiple tasks, but incorrect ones can also propagate across them. We introduce EvoBelief, a self-evolving world model that represents environment knowledge as falsifiable hypotheses. Unexpected outcomes and decision-relevant unknowns trigger hypothesis formation. Later observations and controlled experiments provide independent validat...

AuthorsJanet Wang, Jiang Guo, Yi Xiang et al.
Primary categorycs.AI
Published8 October 2026
Last updated at source8 October 2026
cs.AI
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