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Paper · arXiv

Market Impact Estimation via Causal Foundation Models

When a trader executes a large order, the relevant question is not \emph{what will the price be?} but \emph{what would the price have been had I not traded?} Market impact is thus a causal quantity, yet classical models (Almgren--Chriss, propagators) regress price on flow, which is biased whenever informed flow moves prices through information as well as trading. We present a proof-of-concept \emph{Causal Market Simulator}: a continuous-time causal prior-data fitted network (PFN) trained on a synthetic market prior in which a hidden informational flow confounds the flow--price relation by construction, with confounding strength an exact per-episode knob. On this prior, the naive estimator...

AuthorsDennis Thumm, Ying Chen
Primary categorycs.LG
Published8 October 2026
Last updated at source8 October 2026
cs.LGcs.CEq-fin.TR
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