Rethinking the Tradeoff Between Temporal Encoding and Nonlinear Computation in Spiking Language Models
Spiking language models face a tradeoff between representing continuous semantic features over short temporal windows and retaining costly nonlinear attention operations. We introduce Spora, which jointly designs spike encodings and attention operators. Binary temporal weights let $T$ spikes represent compositional values with up to $T$ bits of capacity, compared with $O(\log_2 T)$ bits for spike-count readout. Unipolar Binary Spiking (UBS) uses thresholds and spike-triggered residual decay to produce non-negative integer codes; Bipolar Binary Spiking (BBS) separates sign and magnitude and learns a scale for signed activations. These representations support accumulation-and-shift dot prod...
| Authors | Hanfei Liu, Shuchang Feng, Yanxia Chen et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.LG |
| Published | 7 October 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 7 October 2026 |
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