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Paper · arXiv

CoTrace: Data Recipes for Training Terminal Agents with Harness-Model Co-Evolution

Terminal-agent capability depends jointly on model weights and the runtime harness that formats prompts, binds tools, and handles error recovery. Existing harness-model co-evolution approaches improve both components, yet often treat trajectories produced during harness search as an undifferentiated replay buffer. This practice overlooks that a trajectory's value for model training depends on the harness under which it was generated. To systematically analyze this interface, we establish an alternating co-evolution framework that decouples harness search and policy training through component-wise promotion decisions. Within this framework, we introduce CoTrace, a harness-aware data recipe...

AuthorsJixuan Chen, Jiaxin Zhang, Qinyuan Ye et al.
Primary categorycs.CL
Published7 October 2026
Last updated at source7 October 2026
cs.CL
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