Fault-tolerant foundation models
Emerging computer hardware often trades reliability for energy efficiency; here we show that large-language models (LLMs) can be trained to tolerate this unreliability, and that rather than degrading, their error resilience actually increases as they grow. Modified neural scaling laws inferred from 40,000 GPU-hours of training runs on simulated faulty digital hardware quantify this trend and suggest that models learn to compute within "good" error-correcting codes, whose relative overhead remains finite no matter how large the model gets. This finding leads us to conjecture that appropriately trained LLMs may be formally fault-tolerant; if true, running AI inference on low energy, faulty ...
| Authors | Trevor McCourt, Ila R. Fiete, Isaac L. Chuang |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.LG |
| Published | 7 October 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 7 October 2026 |
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