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Paper · arXiv

SafeEvo: Deciphering the Safety Alignment Mechanism and Evolution in Language Models

Safety interpretability advances the study of Large Language Model (LLM) alignment from behavioral constraints driven by data or algorithms towards a deeper understanding of internal mechanisms. However, existing works have focused primarily on safety-related representations, attention heads, or neurons after alignment, while largely overlooking the safety mechanisms in pretrained-only models and their evolution across alignment checkpoints. To address this, we propose SafeEvo, an interpretability framework from the circuit (sparse subgraphs of an LLM) perspective. SafeEvo first applies an optimization-based extraction algorithm to identify weak refusal circuits in pretrained base LLMs th...

AuthorsMiao Yu, Hao Huang, Lu Yuan et al.
Primary categorycs.AI
Published7 October 2026
Last updated at source7 October 2026
cs.AI
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