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Paper · arXiv

OnlineQAT: On-Policy Distillation for Ultra-Low-Bit Large Language Models

Quantization-aware training (QAT) can recover much of the accuracy lost when large language models are compressed below four bits. Existing re- covery stages, however, are commonly optimized on fixed completions or teacher-generated answers, whereas the deployed quantized model condi- tions on prefixes generated by itself. Quantization errors can therefore move the model into states that are absent from offline recovery data. We introduce OnlineQAT, a two-stage framework that first obtains a usable low-bit initialization through block-wise QAT and then performs on-policy distillation (OPD) on student-generated responses. At each visited pre- fix, a frozen full-precision teacher provides a...

AuthorsWenjun Wang, Heng Li, Yanggan Gu et al.
Primary categorycs.CL
Published7 October 2026
Last updated at source7 October 2026
cs.CLcs.AIcs.LG
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