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Paper · arXiv

The Optimization Landscape of Learning Compacted Context Models

Many works approach continual learning through the lens of infinite context windows. As an agent puts more observation into context (concretely the KV cache), compacting said context is akin to direct memory manipulation, without affecting the base model's weights. Many works pose KV compaction as an optimization problem: learn a smaller set of KV vectors that matches the behavior of the full KV cache. While this preserves base model behavior, optimizing through a frozen base model results in a highly nontrivial optimization problem with a brittle and flat loss landscape. In this paper, we characterize what makes these optimization problems difficult and demonstrate that a heavily simplif...

AuthorsThomas Villeneuve, Alex Sandomirsky, Charles O'Neill et al.
Primary categorycs.LG
Published5 October 2026
Last updated at source5 October 2026
cs.LG
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