Language-Conditioned Token and Reasoning Efficiency in Large Language Models: A Paired Cross-Lingual Study Protocol
Large language models incur language-dependent representation and inference costs, but existing comparisons often conflate input language, assigned observable-trace language, and answer realization. We specify a prospective paired study that separates these interfaces while holding the semantic item, checkpoint, and answer oracle fixed. The initial design instantiates 240 exactly scored items rendered from templates in English and seven non-English languages, three distinct-lineage open-weight checkpoints, three trace-token budgets, 22 input- and trace-language conditions, a fixed answer reserve, and a separately counted delimiter: 47,520 initial core runs before prospective sample-size s...
| Authors | Genliang Zhu, Chu Wang |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.AI |
| Published | 3 October 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 3 October 2026 |
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