Do Language Models Need a Trainable Input Embedding Table? Fixed Minimal Token Codes at 1.7B-Class Scale

A trainable input embedding table assigns each vocabulary item an independently adjustable vector. We investigate whether this token-specific parameterization is required for substantial language-modeling capability, or whether a shared Transformer can learn from fixed token identities. We compare three decoder-only language models trained from scratch with the same tokenizer, contextual backbone, untied output-head architecture, and training recipe, with a target budget of 100 billion prediction tokens per model. Their input interfaces are a learned table, canonical 16-bit token-ID codes, and one fixed invertible recoding over GF(2). The fixed codes are repeated to model width without an...

<iframe src="https://silytics.si/embed/item/687464c3-e683-4854-8f81-84292d26bb43" width="420" height="190" style="border:0" loading="lazy" title="Silytics entry"></iframe>

Silytics shows public metadata from arXiv and links to the original. Information may be incomplete or out of date. Last refreshed 16 October 2026. Licenses and terms of the original apply to the work itself. Not financial, legal or professional advice.