Query-aware routing for Cross-lingual performance gains in Encoders
Multilingual encoders can exhibit reduced retrieval effectiveness when queries and relevant documents differ in language, despite strong same-language performance. We investigate whether Finnish and Swedish cross-lingual retrieval can improve while preserving an encoder's existing same-language performance and document index. We combine a query-only low-rank adapter, trained against frozen document embeddings, with deterministic routing based on query and index languages. Cross-language queries use the adapter, while same-language queries use the original encoder. SampoTron, our fine-tuned low-rank (LoRA) adapter alongwith the Nemotron-3-Embed-1B model, improves average retrieval quality ...
| Authors | Akshay Jain, Edward Kim |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.CL |
| Published | 2 October 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 2 October 2026 |
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