Counterexample Generation via Per-Theorem Symbolic Verifiers: When Imitation Hurts and Reinforcement Repairs
Large language models often solve a theorem forward yet fail to disprove a closely related false one: a falsification gap that supervised fine-tuning does not close and can actively worsen. We frame counterexample generation as constrained witness emission against a deterministic per-theorem Python verifier, and release SymCE, a corpus of 4,707 false undergraduate-algebra and real-analysis conjectures, each paired with executable verifiers. The verifier also serves as the reward function, making SymCE a training environment. Training Qwen3-4B with SFT followed by GRPO under this oracle reveals an imitation trap: counterexample-only SFT collapses true-theorem recognition from 0.27 to 0.00,...
| Authors | Omar Farouk Zouak, Houssam Eddine Boukhalfa, Soumaya Lakehal et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.CL |
| Published | 1 October 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 1 October 2026 |
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