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Paper · arXiv

Evaluating and Improving the Robustness of Large Language Models to Input Sequence Variations

Large language models (LLMs) in production systems face prompt injections, trojans (backdoors), and manipulation of automatic quality metrics. This thesis develops models, methods, and algorithms for evaluating and improving LLM robustness to adversarial input sequence variations. We propose R_stab(f), a generative robustness metric based on the Jensen-Shannon divergence between per-step output distributions under small input perturbations. For localized attacks we prove V(h) <= 1 - R_class(h), where R_class(h) is the probability that a decision operator h keeps its decision under small perturbations. For non-localized attacks we propose a calibrated empirical model. For LLM-as-a-Judge sy...

AuthorsNarek Maloyan
Primary categorycs.CR
Published1 October 2026
Last updated at source8 October 2026
cs.CRcs.CLcs.LG
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