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Paper · arXiv

From Isolated Feature to Orbits: Discovering Music Concepts via Multi-SAE Alignment

How can we understand what a music foundation model has learned \textit{internally}? Most interpretability approaches, such as probing and Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs), focus on identifying individual features with minimal structural assumptions. We argue that many concepts are better understood as \textit{structured relations} rather than isolated features. This is especially prominent in music, where tonal structures are organized in the space of pitch and time. For example, concepts such as chords or keys are naturally expressed as structured sets (e.g., the 12 transpositions of a chord or the diatonic system within a key), rather than isolated features. In this study, \textbf{we shift f...

AuthorsLiwei Lin, Gus Xia
Primary categorycs.SD
Published1 October 2026
Last updated at source1 October 2026
cs.SDcs.AI
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