HybridCUA: Learning to Orchestrate GUI and CLI for Computer-Use Agents
Computer use agents (CUAs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in completing digital tasks. However, existing CUAs either rely solely on graphical user interface (GUI) interactions, which are often inefficient and error prone, or augment GUI interactions with application specific APIs or tools, which require substantial engineering effort and are difficult to scale across applications. We argue that the next generation of CUAs should combine GUI interactions with the command line interface (CLI), leveraging the generality of the GUI and the efficiency of shell commands. A critical challenge, however, is that current models do not know when or how to use the CLI during task execution. To...
| Authors | Tongbo Chen, Junbo Niu, Zhengxi Lu et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.CV |
| Published | 29 September 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 29 September 2026 |
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