Merlin Plus: A Large-Scale, Multi-Cancer, Image-Mask-Report Dataset

Multi-cancer segmentation in computed tomography (CT) is fundamentally limited by the scarcity of tumor masks across different organs. We present Merlin Plus, the first large-scale CT dataset with radiologist-created tumor masks across 9 organs. Merlin Plus extends the Merlin dataset by adding 1,153 per-voxel tumor masks and longitudinal metadata. To create these tumor masks, we developed a report-based active-learning framework in which radiology reports identify tumor cases for annotation and support training of a tumor segmentation model. The model generates initial masks, which radiologists review and correct to produce the final masks, reducing annotation burden while maintaining hig...

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