A Multimodal Autonomic Sensing Framework for Objective Assessment of Patient Responses to Dental Pulp Stimulation
Patient responses to dental pulp testing, ranging from no sensation to intense pain, provide important information for assessing pulp status in endodontic diagnosis. However, pain is a subjective sensory and emotional experience that varies considerably across individuals and can be difficult to communicate. We investigated whether complementary autonomic signals could support objective assessment of responses during dental examination. Forty-nine patients underwent cold pulp testing, yielding no-response, mild-response, and intense-response conditions. The framework integrated ECG-derived skin nerve activity (SKNA) and R-R intervals (RRI), together with electrodermal activity (EDA), usin...
| Authors | Youngsun Kong, Yubin Choi, Dongjin Song et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.LG |
| Published | 28 September 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 28 September 2026 |
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