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SAGE: Structured Strategic Reasoning for Efficient LLM Game Playing

A strong LLM strategic agent should reason prospectively over uncertain futures, adapt its strategy to opponents' behavioral tendencies, and continuously recalibrate its decision process from interaction experience. However, incorporating these sources in free-form reasoning could lead to unsupported strategic assumptions, inconsistent opponent estimates, and harmful interference from irrelevant historical interactions. To address these issues, we propose SAGE, a training-free inference-time framework that structures LLM strategic reasoning around three coordinated operations: anchor, adapt, and recalibrate. SAGE first anchors reasoning to an equilibrium policy that provides a strategical...

AuthorsZhiwei Chen, Tianchun Wang, Zhongtao Rao et al.
Primary categorycs.AI
Published28 September 2026
Last updated at source14 October 2026
cs.AI
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