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Paper · arXiv

EHRAdapt: Adapting Pretrained Language Models to Electronic Health Records with Semantic Priors for Rare Clinical Events

Electronic health records (EHRs) encode clinical histories as (time, modality, code) tuples, whereas pretrained language models expect text tokens. Serializing them as text inflates sequence length and redundantly encodes structure. We introduce EHRAdapt, an adapter that maps tuples directly into a frozen language model's embedding space. Modality receives a learned embedding, time gaps enter through learned attention biases, and event codes receive dedicated vectors. Learning event vectors is the central challenge: clinical vocabularies are long-tailed, leaving rare events too few observations for reliable estimates. EHRAdapt therefore represents each event vector as the sum of a semanti...

AuthorsAndre R Goncalves, Vincent Liu, Priyadip Ray
Primary categorycs.AI
Published27 September 2026
Last updated at source27 September 2026
cs.AI
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