Auditing System-1 Models on Biosecurity-Relevant Benchmarks: Calibration, Selective Prediction, and Permutation Instability in a Non-Generative Model
Non-generative "System-1" models return structured probabilistic decisions in a single forward pass, without autoregressive decoding, at a small fraction of the inference cost of a generative model. This makes them of interest as inexpensive components in larger pipelines, but their reliability on biosecurity-relevant tasks has not been systematically examined. We audit one commercial System-1 model on 6,020 multiple-choice items drawn from the Weapons of Mass Destruction Proxy (WMDP), a paraphrase-robust WMDP-Bio variant, and six LAB-Bench subtasks, measuring accuracy, calibration, error detection, selective prediction, and sensitivity to the order in which answer options are presented. ...
| Authors | Kimon Antonios Provatas, Ilias Georgakopoulos-Soares |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.LG |
| Published | 24 September 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 24 September 2026 |
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