Finding Icebergs in Language-Model Workflow: Diagnosing Latent Structural Fragility with Stochastic Semantic Evidence Graphs
AI-workflow governance cannot be reduced to checking the final answer: an apparently safe answer may rest on a fragile evidence path that ordinary evaluation cannot see, localize or govern. We call this hidden fragility a "structural iceberg": hallucinations and unsupported claims may form its visible tip, while consequential weakness remains submerged. Stochastic semantic evidence graphs (SSEGs) expose these icebergs by preserving workflow channels, propagating local uncertainty and identifying the hidden paths on which an apparently safe output depends. ALCE and RAGTruth show that visible failures at the tip -unsupported citations and hallucinated spans -rest on distinct submerged weakn...
| Authors | Matthew F. Dixon, Bertrand Nortier, Miquel Noguer i Alonso |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.CL |
| Published | 3 September 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 26 September 2026 |
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