Relative Discharge Stage (RDS) Classification: A Practical Indicator of Battery Discharge Progress
Accurate remaining discharge time (RDT) prediction is challenging in real-world battery applications because future load profiles are unknown and highly dynamic. To address the uncertainty of continuous RDT regression, this paper introduces Relative Discharge Stage (RDS), a battery-management indicator that represents the remaining discharge condition using five interpretable classes: Normal, Good, Moderate, Low, and Recharge Required. Unlike state of charge (SOC), which reflects the current charge level, RDS characterizes the remaining discharge process without requiring future-current information during inference. A physics-informed RDS classification framework is proposed, combining SO...
| Authors | Khoa Tran, Tri Le, Hung-Cuong Trinh et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.LG |
| Published | 23 September 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 23 September 2026 |
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