TwinCheck: Evidence-Grounded Negative-Twin Verification for Stateful Tool Agents
A single locally plausible tool call can derail an otherwise successful agent trajectory. Suspicion alone does not justify intervention, because the replacement itself can introduce the very failure verification is meant to prevent. We introduce TwinCheck, an inference-time verification policy that considers replacement only when the trace satisfies an evidence condition tied to a trace-local failure hypothesis. It constructs a trace-grounded counterfactual alternative, a negative twin, and replaces the agent's proposal only if the twin passes structural checks and the pairwise verifier prefers it in both candidate orders. For paired evaluation, exact replay holds the agent's parsed respo...
| Authors | Jiaxuan Dai, Tianyi Huang |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.AI |
| Published | 22 September 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 6 October 2026 |
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