Apollo Restore: A Foundation LLM for Historical Greek Optimized for Fill-in-the-Middle Restoration of Ancient Greek Texts
We present Apollo Restore, a 24-billion-parameter large language model for restoring lacunae---physical gaps---in fragmentary Ancient Greek texts. Fine-tuned from Mistral Small with a fill-in-the-middle objective, Apollo Restore reconstructs missing spans without requiring oracle knowledge of their length. To our knowledge, it is the first large-scale decoder model for historical Greek, and the first for any ancient Mediterranean language. Evaluated as in prior work, on short gaps of up to ten characters, Apollo Restore places the correct restoration among its top twenty candidates for 80.6%/54.6%/61.0% of documentary-papyrus, literary-papyrus, and stone-inscription lacunae, exceeding the...
| Authors | Hope McGovern, Anna Dolganov, Samuel Belkadi et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.CL |
| Published | 18 September 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 7 October 2026 |
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