Complex-valued Phase-Coherent Transformers
Complex-valued Transformers have inherited softmax attention over the raw complex inner product. Outside natively complex domains this standard form stays near chance, and no complex attention had been shown to correct it. We show that the match must be a scaled cosine score: L2-normalise queries and keys, so the score reads their cosine similarity and ignores their magnitudes, and hold that score at order-one scale. With this the same models train on four diagnostic tasks under two different gates; without the normalisation they stay at chance on ListOps and Needle under both gates and fall far below on the other two, and a normalised score placed at too small a scale fails as well. The ...
| Authors | Leona Hioki |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.LG |
| Published | 18 September 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 18 September 2026 |
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