CleanScore: Black-Box Benchmark Audits with Negative Controls and Sensitivity Bounds
Public benchmark scores may reflect skill, prior exposure to the questions, or both, and for most models the training data are unknown. We present CleanScore, a black-box audit using scored outputs only. Each benchmark question becomes a parent item with one public form and two independently written fresh forms preserving its numbers, facts and answer. The audit reports an interval for the public-form advantage rather than a verdict, and a private negative-control bank with an explicit transport radius separates exposure from ordinary form mismatch. A registered controlled-exposure experiment detects planted exposure and stays quiet under fresh-form exposure. A registered audit of five op...
| Authors | Jeffery Opoku, David Banahene |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.LG |
| Published | 27 August 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 27 August 2026 |
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