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Paper · arXiv

A Generative Grammar Underlying the Voynich Manuscript, the Pastiche Hypothesis: Evidence from Large Language Models

Background: The Voynich Manuscript is a fifteenth-century codex written in an unknown script whose content remains undeciphered. Previous studies suggest that its statistical properties resemble those of natural languages, while its illustrations - primarily plants - recall medieval herbals. Methods: We present a multidisciplinary analysis combining probabilistic modeling, phonetic decomposition, rare-event detection, and multimodal image analysis, based on a newly transliterated corpus. Word- and letter-level distributions are modeled using position-dependent probabilistic grammars, while phonetic patterns are compared across Indo-European, Semitic, and Asian languages. Image-text alignm...

AuthorsNicolas Turenne
Primary categorycs.CL
Published28 July 2026
Last updated at source28 July 2026
cs.CL
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