A Benchmark Suite and Ground-Truth Methodology for Formal Verification of IEC 61131-3 Ladder Diagram Programs
We present the first benchmark suite for formal verification of Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) programs that combines controlled ground truth with coverage of both textual (Structured Text, ST) and graphical (Ladder Diagram, LD) IEC 61131-3 encodings. Despite growing support for tools, the field lacks standard evaluation benchmarks: existing corpora omit formal properties or graphical dialects, and private program sets preclude reproducible measurement of progress. Our suite comprises 50 programs in 83 variants across ten industrial domains, provided in PLCopen Extensible Markup Language (XML) and ST, each paired with a formal property, machine-checkable expected verdict, and violati...
| Authors | Pierre Dantas, Lucas Cordeiro, Waldir Junior |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.CL |
| Published | 17 July 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 17 July 2026 |
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