A latent dimension of Condorcet's jury theorem for multiple AI advisers
When the same question is asked of multiple AI advisers, as in self-consistency and LLM-as-a-judge panels, Condorcet's jury theorem predicts that adding independent, competent advisers makes the majority more reliable. The theorem, however, has a latent dimension when viewed from the user's vantage: adding advisers also makes disagreement more visible. A binomial model reveals that this ``visible dissent'' becomes nearly inevitable as the number of advisers grows, and that reliability and disagreement approach certainty at rates that cross at an adviser accuracy of 4/5 (0.8); below it, visible dissent eventually becomes more likely than a correct majority. Even ideal panels of independent...
| Authors | Kazutoshi Sasahara, Aoi Naito, Ryo Fujie |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.CY |
| Published | 13 September 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 28 September 2026 |
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