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Paper · arXiv

Optimal Value Inference for Reinforcement Learning

We study offline inference for the optimal value in reinforcement learning under finite state and action spaces. Two new nuisances are derived as fixed points of a self-induced Bellman equation, in which we approximate the maximum Bellman operator by its softmax correspondence. We propose a debiased estimator through the Neyman orthogonality and establish its asymptotic normality under diverging horizons even when the behavior policy changes with time, as long as the nuisances have the statistical rates that can be achieved by many machine learning methods. We provide a concrete estimating procedure for these nuisances and show they can lead to valid inference. Synthetic experiments valid...

AuthorsNan Lu, Ethan Lee, James M. Robins et al.
Primary categorystat.ML
Published9 September 2026
Last updated at source17 September 2026
stat.MLcs.LGstat.ME
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