X-CoSD: Communication-Efficient Cross-Vocabulary Collaborative Speculative Decoding
This paper investigates collaborative speculative decoding (CoSD), a distributed large language model (LLM) inference framework in which an on-device small language model (SLM) drafts candidate tokens and a server LLM verifies them. Existing CoSD methods assume a shared vocabulary between the SLM and the LLM and incur substantial communication load because residual resampling requires token distribution exchange between the user device and the edge server. To address these limitations, we propose cross-vocabulary CoSD (X-CoSD), a lossless and communication-efficient CoSD framework for heterogeneous SLM-LLM vocabularies. X-CoSD is built on hybrid resampling (HR), which splits residual resa...
| Authors | Jaeduk Lee, Wan Choi |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.CL |
| Published | 15 July 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 15 July 2026 |
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