Human mutation field reveals an equilibrium-like structure with irreversible circulation
The evolution of DNA sequences can be viewed as stochastic dynamics on a high-dimensional discrete space, but it is unclear when empirical transition biases reduce to an effective energy landscape versus retain irreducible non-equilibrium circulation. Human context-dependent mutation probabilities offer a direct test: every single-nucleotide substitution in a local context has a reverse substitution, so the logarithm of the forward-to-reverse probability ratio defines an antisymmetric field-the human mutation field. We show this field has a dominant gradient component and a smaller but reproducible curl component. Using seven-base human germline substitution probabilities, we infer an eff...
| Authors | Isabella Caranzano, Daniel Maria Busiello, Stefano Priorelli et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | q-bio.GN |
| Published | 7 September 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 7 September 2026 |
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