Modus Tollens and Counterfactuals and Counterfactual Reasoning Based on Three Types of Negation
Modus Tollens (MT) is a classical logical inference rule, while counterfactuals are hypothetical statements that are contrary to facts, and counterfactual reasoning is a process of reasoning based on counterfactuals. Negation is an indispensable core concept in them. In this paper, based on the logical systems LCOI&PLCOI with contradictory negation, opposite negation and intermediary negation, we propose three variants of Modus Tollens corresponding to distinct negation types, namely MTC: Modus Tollens based on contradictory negation, MTO: Modus Tollens based on opposite negation, and MTI: Modus Tollens based on intermediary negation. We define the implications within MTC, MTO and MTI, pr...
| Authors | Zhenghua Pan |
|---|---|
| Primary category | cs.AI |
| Published | 7 September 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 7 September 2026 |
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