Measurement Validity in LLM Cultural Alignment
Researchers increasingly treat LLM survey responses as a proxy for human cultural values. This includes projecting model outputs onto instruments like the Inglehart-Welzel Cultural Map and drawing conclusions about which cultures a model resembles. While a model's answer to a value-laden questions may be interpreted as a cultural signal, it also carries sampling noise and, can be quite sensitive to question framing. In this paper, we separate survey responses, sampling noise and question framing for multiple LLMs. We decompose response variance from these models into variation across random seeds, prompt rewordings. We employ noise-to-signal ratio (NSR) to test whether a model's apparent ...
| Authors | An Duy Nguyen, Muhammad Aurangzeb Ahmad |
|---|---|
| Primary category | physics.soc-ph |
| Published | 29 August 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 29 August 2026 |
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