Over-The-Air Extreme Learning Machines with Nonlinear Stacked Intelligent Metasurfaces
The recently envisioned goal-oriented communications paradigm requires machine learning inference to be performed directly on wirelessly transferred data. This paper presents an eXtremely Large (XL) Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) system that operates as an Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) to execute Over-The-Air (OTA) binary classification. To reduce hardware complexity, the receiver is equipped with cascaded metasurfaces terminating in a single radio-frequency chain. A front metasurface layer applies a fixed nonlinear response to the incoming signal, acting as the ELM's activation function. Subsequent tunable linear metasurface layers physically approximate the trained network weigh...
| Authors | Kyriakos Stylianopoulos, Mattia Fabiani, Giulia Torcolacci et al. |
|---|---|
| Primary category | eess.SP |
| Published | 27 August 2026 |
| Last updated at source | 27 August 2026 |
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